Motor Vehicle - Restraints
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- Effectiveness of a collaborative, student-run campaign to increase safety belt use among adolescents
- Kauffman JD, Soltani T, McCullough K, Vybiralova P, Macauley K, Danielson PD, Chandler NM
- Inj Prev. 2020 Jun;26(3):262-269.
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Rationale for Inclusion: Results from 14 high schools about a campaign on student driver seat belt use. A collaborative campaign resulted in a modest, short term increase in seat belt use among high school students.
Citations - To review the number of citations for this landmark paper, visit Google Scholar.
- Seat belt use among patients in motor vehicle collisions: Clinical and demographic factors
- Marco CA, Ekeh AP, Hardman C, Lovell M, Brent A, Akamune J.
- Am J Emerg Med. 2020 Jun;38(6):1069-1071.
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Rationale for Inclusion: Study to identify factors associated with noncompliance with seat belt use among admitted patients after MVC. 32% were not compliant and highest among males, younger age, intoxicated, and who had a positive drug screen.
Citations - To review the number of citations for this landmark paper, visit Google Scholar.
- Are Booster Seats More Effective than Child Safety Seats or Seat Belts at Reducing Traffic Fatalities among Children?
- Are Booster Seats More Effective than Child Safety Seats or Seat Belts at Reducing Traffic Fatalities among Children?
- American Journal of Health Economics 5, no. 1 (Winter 2019): 42-64
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Rationale for Inclusion: Analysis of data from 2006-2018 the study examined effectiveness of booster seats relative to child safety seats and adult seat belts. For children 2-5 booster seats are least effective form of restraint. For children 6-9, all three forms appear equally effective.
CAVEAT: Database study
Citations - To review the number of citations for this landmark paper, visit Google Scholar.
- The association between seatbelt use and trauma outcomes: Does body mass index matter?
- Elkbuli A, Dowd B, Spano PJ 2nd, Hai S, Boneva D, McKenney M.
- Am J Emerg Med. 2019 Sep;37(9):1716-1719.
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Rationale for Inclusion: Article describes association between seat belt use and body mass index. Four year review from Level I trauma registry with 11,792 patients. Conclusion was that BMI is not significant in reducing mortality with seat belt use
Citations - To review the number of citations for this landmark paper, visit Google Scholar.
- Restraint use and injury in forward and rear-facing infants and toddlers involved in a fatal motor vehicle crash on a U. S. Roadway
- Restraint use and injury in forward and rear-facing infants and toddlers involved in a fatal motor vehicle crash on a U. S. Roadway
- Inj Epidemiol. 2019 May 29;6(Suppl 1):28.
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Rationale for Inclusion: This study examines the practice of rear-facing restraints pre- and post-AAP recommendations for children under 2 years. Trends in the use of rear-facing child restraints improved over the timeframe of this study, but remain low despite the introduction of AAP guidelines and the strengthening of child restraint laws.
Citations - To review the number of citations for this landmark paper, visit Google Scholar.
- The assessment of airbag deployment and seatbelt use in preventing facial injuries
- Todorovic M, Vukcevic B, Cabarkapa M, Vukcevic N, Boljevic T, Radojevic N
- Forensic Sci Med Pathol. 2018 Dec;14(4):503-508.
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Rationale for Inclusion: Study to determine the effectiveness of airbags and seatbelts in the prevention of facial fractures. Conclusion was the airbags and seatbelts are effective in preventing facial injuries in vehicles of average mass that are traveling at a speed under 49.2 km/h.
Citations - To review the number of citations for this landmark paper, visit Google Scholar.
- Airbag deployment and cervical spine injury in restrained drivers following motor vehicle collisions
- Inamasu J, Kato M
- Neuroradiology. 2018 Dec;60(12):1307-1313.
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Rationale for Inclusion: Study to look at seatbelt and airbags deployment and cervical spine injury. Single center retrospective observational study.
Citations - To review the number of citations for this landmark paper, visit Google Scholar.
- Child Passenger Safety
- Durbin DR, Hoffman BD; COUNCIL ON INJURY, VIOLENCE, AND POISON PREVENTION.
- Pediatrics . 2018 Nov;142(5):e20182460.
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Rationale for Inclusion: Technical report providing summary of precedent in support in best practices to optimize safety in passengers' vehicles for children from birth through adolescence.
Citations - To review the number of citations for this landmark paper, visit Google Scholar.
- Estimating the Effect of Standard Enforcement of a Rear Seat Belt Law for Rear Seat Fatality Prevention
- Findley, D. J., Sanchez, M., & Nye, T.
- Transportation Research Record. 2018 July 31; 2672(33), 67–77.
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Rationale for Inclusion: Article analyses the link between primary enforcement of rear seat belt use and injury severity in fatal motor vehicle collisions.
Citations - To review the number of citations for this landmark paper, visit Google Scholar.
- Preventive effects of car safety seat use on clinical outcomes in infants and young children with road traffic injuries: A 7-year observational study
- Park GJ, Ro YS, Shin SD, Song KJ, Hong KJ, Jeong J.
- Injury. 2018 Jun;49(6):1097-1103.
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Rationale for Inclusion: Multicenter cross-sectional study conducted using emergency department based injury in depth surveillance registry in 23 Eds 2010-2016. Total 5545 eligible patients, 1452 were in car safety seats at the time of the accident. Patients using car safety seats were less likely to have intracranial injuries compared with patients who were not. However, there was no significant difference in mortality between the two groups.
Citations - To review the number of citations for this landmark paper, visit Google Scholar.
- Rear-facing versus forward-facing child restraints: an updated assessment
- McMurry TL, Arbogast KB, Sherwood CP, Vaca F, Bull M, Crandall JR, Kent RW.
- Inj Prev. 2018 Feb;24(1):55-59.
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Rationale for Inclusion: Evaluation of field evidence looking at child rear facing vs forward facing restraints. Year 1988-2015,1107 children. Conclusion was that the data supports the recommendation that children be kept in rear facing for as long as possible, but the field data are too limited to serve as a strong statistic basis for this recommendation.
CAVEAT: Retrospective
Citations - To review the number of citations for this landmark paper, visit Google Scholar.
- Effectiveness of child safety seats vs seat belts in reducing risk for death in children in passenger vehicle crashes.
- Elliott MR, Kallan MJ, Durbin DR, Winston FK.
- Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2006 Jun;160(6):617-21.
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Rationale for inclusion: Large NTSA study demonstrated 28% reduction in mortality when child seats are used to restrain children.
Citations - To review the number of citations for this landmark paper, visit Google Scholar.
- Effects of seating position and appropriate restraint use on the risk of injury to children in motor vehicle crashes.
- Durbin DR, Chen I, Smith R, Elliott MR, Winston FK.
- Pediatrics. 2005 Mar;115(3):e305-9.
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Rationale for inclusion: Describes the synergistic effects of rear seat positioning and proper child restraints in reducing childhood MVC injuries.
Citations - To review the number of citations for this landmark paper, visit Google Scholar.
- Belt-positioning booster seats and reduction in risk of injury among children in vehicle crashes.
- Durbin DR, Elliott MR, Winston FK.
- JAMA. 2003 Jun 4;289(21):2835-40.
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Rationale for inclusion: Demonstrated benefit of booster seats in older children.
Citations - To review the number of citations for this landmark paper, visit Google Scholar.
- The independent contribution of driver, crash, and vehicle characteristics to driver fatalities.
- Bedard M, Guyatt GH, Stones MJ, Hirdes JP.
- Accid Anal Prev. 2002 Nov;34(6):717-27.
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Rationale for inclusion: Multivariate analysis noting seat belts protective against fatal injuries (OR: 0.49, 99% CI: 0.39-0.53).
Citations - To review the number of citations for this landmark paper, visit Google Scholar.
- Youth risk behavior surveillance - United States, 2001.
- Grunbaum JA, Kann L, Kinchen SA, Williams B, Ross JG, Lowry R, Kolbe L.
- J Sch Health. 2002 Oct;72(8):313-28.
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Rationale for inclusion: Noted scope of problem with youth - 14.1% of high-school youth rarely/never used seat belts.
Citations - To review the number of citations for this landmark paper, visit Google Scholar.
- Seating positions and children's risk of dying in motor vehicle crashes.
- Braver ER, Whitfield R, Ferguson SA.
- Inj Prev. 1998 Sep;4(3):181-7.
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Rationale for inclusion: Noted children were safest in the back seat.
Citations - To review the number of citations for this landmark paper, visit Google Scholar.
- Driver fatalities in 1985-1993 cars with airbags.
- Lund AK, Ferguson SA.
- J Trauma. 1995 Apr;38(4):469-75.
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Rationale for inclusion: Additional confirmatory information on the benefits of airbags- 16% reduction in fatalities for all crashes.
Citations - To review the number of citations for this landmark paper, visit Google Scholar.
- Children in car crashes - analysis of data for injury and use of restraints.
- Johnston C, Rivara FP, Soderberg R.
- Pediatrics. 1994 Jun;93(6 Pt 1):960-5.
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Rationale for inclusion: First discussed need for stepwise restraint systems as children grow.
Citations - To review the number of citations for this landmark paper, visit Google Scholar.
- Automobile driver fatalities in frontal impacts - air bags compared with manual belts.
- Zador PL, Ciccone MA.
- Am J Public Health. 1993 May;83(5):661-6.
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Rationale for inclusion: Early study that shows decreased fatalities in cars equipped with airbags versus seat belts, specifically in frontal crashes.
Citations - To review the number of citations for this landmark paper, visit Google Scholar.
- Automobile driver fatalities in frontal impacts - air bags compared with manual belts.
- Zador PL, Ciccone MA.
- Am J Public Health. 1993 May; 83(5): 661–666.
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Rationale for inclusion: Noted fatality reduction with airbags - 15% w/ seat belts used, 31% with seat belts not used.
Citations - To review the number of citations for this landmark paper, visit Google Scholar.
- The lap belt complex: intestinal and lumbar spine injury in children.
- Newman KD, Bowman LM, Eichelberger MR, Gotschall CS, Taylor GA, Johnson DL, Thomas M.
- J Trauma. 1990 Sep;30(9):1133-8; discussion 1138-40.
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Rationale for inclusion: Describes intestinal injury and lumbar spine fractures associated with lap belt use in children.
Citations - To review the number of citations for this landmark paper, visit Google Scholar.
- Design, characteristics, and usefulness of state-based behavioral risk factor surveillance: 1981-87.
- Remington PL, Smith MY, Williamson DF, Anda RF, Gentry EM, Hogelin GC.
- Public Health Rep. 1988 Jul-Aug; 103(4): 366–375.
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Rationale for inclusion: Evaluated the use of random-digit-dialing telephone surveys with regards to collecting behavioral data, including seat belt usage.
CAVEAT: Only dealt with data collection method
Citations - To review the number of citations for this landmark paper, visit Google Scholar.
- Geographic variations in mortality from motor vehicle crashes.
- Baker SP, Whitfield RA, O'Neill B.
- N Engl J Med. 1987 May 28;316(22):1384-7.
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Rationale for inclusion: Noted geographic variations in motor vehicle fatalities across US (highest in rural, low-income counties), with seatbelt use possibly a factor.
CAVEAT: Indirect evidence
Citations - To review the number of citations for this landmark paper, visit Google Scholar.
- The effectiveness of safety belts in preventing fatalities.
- Evans L.
- Accid Anal Prev. 1986 Jun;18(3):229-41.
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Rationale for inclusion: Estimated effectiveness of three-point belts by comparison with pre-1974 data, using other passengers as controls.
Citations - To review the number of citations for this landmark paper, visit Google Scholar.
- Estimates of motor vehicle seat belt effectiveness and use: implications for occupant crash protection.
- Robertson LS.
- Am J Public Health. 1976 September; 66(9): 859–864.
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Rationale for inclusion: Noted increased survival with seat belt usage (as well as only ~2/3 compliance with front seat belt usage).
Citations - To review the number of citations for this landmark paper, visit Google Scholar.
- Restraint systems for the prevention of injury to children in automobile accidents.
- Scherz RG.
- Am J Public Health. 1976 May;66(5):451-6.
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Rationale for inclusion: Describes restraints (of any kind) as being effective in reducing childhood MVC injury.
Citations - To review the number of citations for this landmark paper, visit Google Scholar.